Visa Europe Limited in London

Visa Europe Limited

Founded in 2004, Visa Europe, classified under reg no. 05139966 is an active company. Currently registered at 1 Sheldon Square W2 6TT, the company has been in the business for twenty years. Its financial year was closed on 30th September and its latest financial statement was filed on Friday 30th September 2022.

Currently there are 9 directors in the the company, namely James H., Kelly T. and Peter P. and others. In addition one secretary - Prini P. - is with the firm. Currently there are several former directors listed by the company. In addition, the company lists several former secretaries. The full list of both former directors and former secretaries might be found in the box below.

Visa Europe Limited Address / Contact

Office Address	1 Sheldon Square
Office Address2	London
Town
Post code	W2 6TT
Country of origin	United Kingdom

Company Information / Profile

Registration Number	05139966
Date of Incorporation	Thu, 27th May 2004
Industry	Financial intermediation not elsewhere classified
End of financial Year	30th September
Company age	20 years old
Account next due date	Sun, 30th Jun 2024 (55 days left)
Account last made up date	Fri, 30th Sep 2022
Next confirmation statement due date	Sun, 2nd Jun 2024 (2024-06-02)
Last confirmation statement dated	Fri, 19th May 2023

Company staff

James H.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 July 2022

Kelly T.

Position: Director

Appointed: 19 August 2020

Peter P.

Position: Director

Appointed: 03 December 2019

Christopher C.

Position: Director

Appointed: 03 December 2019

Hamayou H.

Position: Director

Appointed: 21 June 2019

Philippe T.

Position: Director

Appointed: 14 March 2019

Prini P.

Position: Secretary

Appointed: 26 September 2018

William S.

Position: Director

Appointed: 02 July 2018

Charlotte H.

Position: Director

Appointed: 02 October 2017

Deborah H.

Position: Director

Appointed: 07 June 2017

Robert L.

Position: Director

Appointed: 05 August 2019

Resigned: 01 July 2022

William S.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 April 2017

Resigned: 02 October 2017

Jose S.

Position: Director

Appointed: 18 July 2016

Resigned: 05 August 2019

Mary R.

Position: Director

Appointed: 21 June 2016

Resigned: 03 December 2019

Nicholas B.

Position: Secretary

Appointed: 21 June 2016

Resigned: 26 September 2018

Amer S.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 July 2015

Resigned: 21 June 2016

Peter L.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 June 2015

Resigned: 21 June 2016

Bartosz D.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2015

Resigned: 21 June 2016

Juan O.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2015

Resigned: 21 June 2016

Giuseppe C.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2015

Resigned: 21 June 2016

Frank S.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2015

Resigned: 21 June 2016

Jean C.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2015

Resigned: 31 December 2018

Eva S.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 November 2014

Resigned: 30 December 2016

Niamh G.

Position: Secretary

Appointed: 12 September 2014

Resigned: 21 June 2016

Pascal A.

Position: Director

Appointed: 24 January 2014

Resigned: 21 June 2016

Nicolas H.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 October 2013

Resigned: 01 April 2017

Michel V.

Position: Director

Appointed: 23 August 2013

Resigned: 21 June 2016

Tony L.

Position: Secretary

Appointed: 05 July 2013

Resigned: 15 August 2014

Joseph B.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2013

Resigned: 21 June 2016

Christopher R.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2013

Resigned: 30 April 2015

Fernando D.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2013

Resigned: 21 June 2016

Carl R.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2013

Resigned: 21 June 2016

Alessandro S.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2013

Resigned: 30 April 2015

Beatrice C.

Position: Director

Appointed: 23 November 2012

Resigned: 22 July 2013

Yannick C.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 April 2012

Resigned: 13 March 2015

Marie C.

Position: Director

Appointed: 14 February 2012

Resigned: 20 December 2013

Vimlesh M.

Position: Director

Appointed: 02 February 2012

Resigned: 21 June 2016

Valerie S.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 January 2012

Resigned: 09 July 2015

Vanessa T.

Position: Secretary

Appointed: 10 December 2011

Resigned: 05 July 2013

Piotr A.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2011

Resigned: 30 April 2015

Joan M.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2011

Resigned: 30 April 2013

Luc V.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2011

Resigned: 30 April 2013

Leslie M.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2011

Resigned: 21 June 2016

Henning H.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2011

Resigned: 30 April 2015

Spyridon P.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2011

Resigned: 30 April 2013

Juan O.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2011

Resigned: 30 April 2013

Rohinton K.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2011

Resigned: 21 June 2016

Gary H.

Position: Director

Appointed: 10 December 2010

Resigned: 02 July 2018

Paul P.

Position: Director

Appointed: 14 October 2010

Resigned: 01 February 2012

Colin W.

Position: Director

Appointed: 14 April 2010

Resigned: 11 October 2010

Yannick C.

Position: Director

Appointed: 19 February 2010

Resigned: 01 January 2012

Fabrice D.

Position: Director

Appointed: 19 February 2010

Resigned: 21 June 2016

Yves M.

Position: Director

Appointed: 19 February 2010

Resigned: 22 October 2012

Yves B.

Position: Director

Appointed: 29 January 2010

Resigned: 08 February 2010

Kjell H.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2009

Resigned: 30 April 2013

Jose S.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2009

Resigned: 30 April 2011

Alessandro S.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2009

Resigned: 30 April 2011

Javier C.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2009

Resigned: 30 April 2013

Antonio R.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2009

Resigned: 30 April 2011

Woyciech P.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2009

Resigned: 30 April 2011

Jeremy J.

Position: Director

Appointed: 17 February 2009

Resigned: 19 March 2010

Gary H.

Position: Director

Appointed: 24 November 2008

Resigned: 04 November 2010

Antony J.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 October 2008

Resigned: 31 December 2011

Jeremy J.

Position: Director

Appointed: 17 September 2007

Resigned: 16 February 2009

Colin W.

Position: Director

Appointed: 05 September 2007

Resigned: 17 February 2009

Erik P.

Position: Director

Appointed: 07 July 2007

Resigned: 08 February 2010

Spyros F.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2007

Resigned: 30 April 2009

Graham B.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2007

Resigned: 30 April 2011

Francisco C.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2007

Resigned: 30 April 2009

Godelieve M.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2007

Resigned: 30 April 2009

Sven L.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2007

Resigned: 30 April 2011

Paul P.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 January 2007

Resigned: 01 August 2007

Richard B.

Position: Director

Appointed: 14 August 2006

Resigned: 30 October 2008

Ennio L.

Position: Director

Appointed: 19 June 2006

Resigned: 30 April 2015

Benny H.

Position: Director

Appointed: 12 May 2006

Resigned: 13 August 2007

Philip W.

Position: Director

Appointed: 21 April 2006

Resigned: 30 April 2007

Johannes V.

Position: Director

Appointed: 13 March 2006

Resigned: 30 April 2009

Peter A.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 March 2006

Resigned: 30 September 2013

Jacek O.

Position: Director

Appointed: 27 May 2005

Resigned: 30 April 2007

Gilbert A.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2005

Resigned: 08 February 2010

Friedrich K.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2005

Resigned: 30 April 2009

Paolo C.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2005

Resigned: 30 April 2007

Ian K.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2005

Resigned: 30 April 2006

Vitor B.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2005

Resigned: 17 November 2006

Jose G.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 May 2005

Resigned: 30 April 2011

Michael F.

Position: Director

Appointed: 01 April 2005

Resigned: 31 December 2006

Willibald C.

Position: Director

Appointed: 22 October 2004

Resigned: 30 April 2005

Jean M.

Position: Director

Appointed: 30 June 2004

Resigned: 07 July 2007

Jan L.

Position: Director

Appointed: 28 May 2004

Resigned: 30 April 2014

George T.

Position: Director

Appointed: 28 May 2004

Resigned: 30 April 2005

Gianni T.

Position: Director

Appointed: 28 May 2004

Resigned: 30 April 2005

Friedrich K.

Position: Director

Appointed: 28 May 2004

Resigned: 22 October 2004

Hans I.

Position: Director

Appointed: 28 May 2004

Resigned: 30 April 2007

Carol W.

Position: Secretary

Appointed: 28 May 2004

Resigned: 09 December 2011

Sandro M.

Position: Director

Appointed: 28 May 2004

Resigned: 09 May 2006

Francis O.

Position: Director

Appointed: 28 May 2004

Resigned: 21 February 2006

Johannes V.

Position: Director

Appointed: 28 May 2004

Resigned: 01 March 2006

Gerald N.

Position: Director

Appointed: 28 May 2004

Resigned: 29 January 2010

Heiman A.

Position: Director

Appointed: 28 May 2004

Resigned: 30 April 2005

Gary H.

Position: Director

Appointed: 28 May 2004

Resigned: 30 September 2008

Christopher R.

Position: Director

Appointed: 28 May 2004

Resigned: 15 November 2006

Iain C.

Position: Director

Appointed: 28 May 2004

Resigned: 25 May 2006

Peter A.

Position: Director

Appointed: 28 May 2004

Resigned: 31 March 2005

Nazan S.

Position: Director

Appointed: 28 May 2004

Resigned: 21 June 2016

Johannes E.

Position: Director

Appointed: 28 May 2004

Resigned: 21 June 2016

Marc T.

Position: Director

Appointed: 27 May 2004

Resigned: 28 May 2004

Eduardo M.

Position: Director

Appointed: 27 May 2004

Resigned: 30 April 2005

Hackwood Secretaries Limited

Position: Corporate Nominee Secretary

Appointed: 27 May 2004

Resigned: 28 May 2004

People with significant control

The register of persons with significant control that own or control the company includes 1 name. As we found, there is Visa International Holdings Limited from London, England. The abovementioned PSC is categorised as "a private limited company" and has 75,01-100% shares. The abovementioned PSC and has 75,01-100% shares.

Visa International Holdings Limited

1 Sheldon Square, London, W2 6TT, England

Legal authority	Companies Act 2006
Legal form	Private Limited Company
Country registered	England
Place registered	Register Of England & Wales
Registration number	10474083
Notified on	26 June 2017
Nature of control:	75,01-100% shares

Company filings

Filing category

Type		Category	Free download
AA	Full accounts data made up to Saturday 30th September 2023 filed on: 8th, January 2024	accounts	Free Download (220 pages)

Type		Category	Free download
AA	Full accounts data made up to Saturday 30th September 2023 filed on: 8th, January 2024	accounts	Free Download (220 pages)
AA	Full accounts data made up to Friday 30th September 2022 filed on: 31st, January 2023	accounts	Free Download (209 pages)
SH01	32211.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Thursday 30th June 2022 filed on: 25th, July 2022	capital	Free Download (4 pages)
AA	Full accounts data made up to Thursday 30th September 2021 filed on: 22nd, March 2022	accounts	Free Download (224 pages)
AAMD	Amended full accounts for the period to Wednesday 30th September 2020 filed on: 12th, May 2021	accounts	Free Download (212 pages)
AA	Full accounts data made up to Wednesday 30th September 2020 filed on: 7th, May 2021	accounts	Free Download (83 pages)
MA	Memorandum and Articles of Association filed on: 30th, December 2020	incorporation	Free Download (22 pages)
AA	Full accounts data made up to Monday 30th September 2019 filed on: 19th, May 2020	accounts	Free Download (299 pages)
AA	Group of companies' accounts made up to Sunday 30th September 2018 filed on: 6th, June 2019	accounts	Free Download (70 pages)
AA	Group of companies' accounts made up to Saturday 30th September 2017 filed on: 30th, May 2018	accounts	Free Download (68 pages)
AA	Group of companies' accounts made up to Friday 30th September 2016 filed on: 27th, June 2017	accounts	Free Download (79 pages)
SH02	Sub-division of shares on Tuesday 21st June 2016 filed on: 17th, August 2016	capital	Free Download (4 pages)
SH08	Change of share class name or designation filed on: 11th, July 2016	capital	Free Download (2 pages)
SH01	30022.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Tuesday 20th October 2015 filed on: 15th, June 2016	capital	Free Download (3 pages)
SH01	32110.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Wednesday 9th December 2015 filed on: 15th, June 2016	capital	Free Download (3 pages)
AA	Group of companies' accounts made up to Wednesday 30th September 2015 filed on: 19th, May 2016	accounts	Free Download
SH01	30039.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Friday 22nd May 2015 filed on: 14th, December 2015	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	30043.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Friday 31st July 2015 filed on: 25th, September 2015	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	30044.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Wednesday 20th August 2014 filed on: 25th, September 2015	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	30045.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Tuesday 31st March 2015 filed on: 20th, July 2015	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	30050.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Friday 22nd May 2015 filed on: 17th, July 2015	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	30048.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Tuesday 7th April 2015 filed on: 17th, July 2015	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	30051.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Monday 19th January 2015 filed on: 4th, June 2015	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	30047.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Monday 3rd November 2014 filed on: 3rd, June 2015	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	30054.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Friday 27th March 2015 filed on: 3rd, June 2015	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	30048.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Thursday 18th December 2014 filed on: 3rd, June 2015	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	30049.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Friday 27th February 2015 filed on: 3rd, June 2015	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	30060.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Sunday 30th November 2014 filed on: 12th, March 2015	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	30062.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Saturday 31st January 2015 filed on: 12th, March 2015	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	30079.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Wednesday 20th August 2014 filed on: 9th, March 2015	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	30080.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Thursday 30th October 2014 filed on: 17th, February 2015	capital	Free Download (6 pages)
SH01	30077.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Monday 30th June 2014 filed on: 17th, February 2015	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	30075.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Sunday 30th November 2014 filed on: 17th, February 2015	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	30066.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Tuesday 30th December 2014 filed on: 17th, February 2015	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
AA	Group of companies' accounts made up to Tuesday 30th September 2014 filed on: 19th, January 2015	accounts	Free Download (113 pages)
SH01	30111.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Monday 30th June 2014 filed on: 10th, November 2014	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	30083.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Tuesday 30th September 2014 filed on: 10th, November 2014	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	30076.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Sunday 31st August 2014 filed on: 10th, November 2014	capital	Free Download (4 pages)
SH01	30085.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Sunday 31st August 2014 filed on: 10th, November 2014	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	30078.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Tuesday 30th September 2014 filed on: 10th, November 2014	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	30084.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Thursday 31st July 2014 filed on: 10th, November 2014	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
AA	Group of companies' accounts made up to Monday 30th September 2013 filed on: 7th, February 2014	accounts	Free Download (100 pages)
AA	Group of companies' accounts made up to Sunday 30th September 2012 filed on: 11th, June 2013	accounts	Free Download (89 pages)
SH01	30910.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Tuesday 21st May 2013 filed on: 3rd, June 2013	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	30600.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Tuesday 5th March 2013 filed on: 3rd, June 2013	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	30890.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Tuesday 30th April 2013 filed on: 3rd, June 2013	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	30760.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Tuesday 29th January 2013 filed on: 26th, February 2013	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	30830.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Thursday 3rd January 2013 filed on: 11th, February 2013	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	30880.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Friday 30th November 2012 filed on: 11th, February 2013	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	30820.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Sunday 1st January 2012 filed on: 10th, December 2012	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	30830.00 USD is the capital in company's statement on Thursday 15th November 2012 filed on: 10th, December 2012	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	35730.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Wednesday 26th September 2012 filed on: 29th, October 2012	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	35680.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Thursday 13th September 2012 filed on: 27th, September 2012	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	35700.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Friday 7th September 2012 filed on: 27th, September 2012	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	35730.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Wednesday 11th July 2012 filed on: 10th, August 2012	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	35870.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Thursday 31st May 2012 filed on: 17th, July 2012	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
SH01	35860.00 EUR is the capital in company's statement on Saturday 30th June 2012 filed on: 17th, July 2012	capital	Free Download (5 pages)
AA	Group of companies' accounts made up to Friday 30th September 2011 filed on: 19th, January 2012	accounts	Free Download (69 pages)
AA	Group of companies' accounts made up to Thursday 30th September 2010 filed on: 23rd, June 2011	accounts	Free Download (119 pages)
AA	Group of companies' accounts made up to Wednesday 30th September 2009 filed on: 18th, February 2010	accounts	Free Download (99 pages)
363a	Period up to Thursday 23rd July 2009 - Annual return with full member list filed on: 23rd, July 2009	annual return	Free Download (40 pages)
AA	Group of companies' accounts made up to Tuesday 30th September 2008 filed on: 6th, April 2009	accounts	Free Download (138 pages)
363s	Period up to Friday 1st August 2008 - Annual return with full member list filed on: 1st, August 2008	annual return	Free Download (26 pages)
AA	Group of companies' accounts made up to Sunday 30th September 2007 filed on: 2nd, July 2008	accounts	Free Download (128 pages)
363s	Period up to Friday 22nd June 2007 - Annual return with full member list filed on: 22nd, June 2007	annual return	Free Download (25 pages)
363s	Period up to Friday 22nd June 2007 - Annual return with full member list filed on: 22nd, June 2007	annual return	Free Download (25 pages)
AA	Group of companies' accounts made up to Saturday 30th September 2006 filed on: 9th, March 2007	accounts	Free Download (28 pages)
AA	Group of companies' accounts made up to Saturday 30th September 2006 filed on: 9th, March 2007	accounts	Free Download (28 pages)
363s	Period up to Tuesday 7th November 2006 - Annual return with full member list filed on: 7th, November 2006	annual return	Free Download (43 pages)
363s	Period up to Tuesday 7th November 2006 - Annual return with full member list filed on: 7th, November 2006	annual return	Free Download (43 pages)
AA	Group of companies' accounts made up to Friday 30th September 2005 filed on: 16th, March 2006	accounts	Free Download (26 pages)
AA	Group of companies' accounts made up to Friday 30th September 2005 filed on: 16th, March 2006	accounts	Free Download (26 pages)
MEM/ARTS	Memorandum and Articles of Association filed on: 29th, December 2005	incorporation	Free Download (83 pages)
MEM/ARTS	Memorandum and Articles of Association filed on: 29th, December 2005	incorporation	Free Download (83 pages)
363s	Period up to Monday 10th October 2005 - Annual return with full member list filed on: 10th, October 2005	annual return	Free Download (16 pages)
363s	Period up to Monday 10th October 2005 - Annual return with full member list filed on: 10th, October 2005	annual return	Free Download (16 pages)
88(2)R	Alloted 6 shares from Wednesday 1st December 2004 to Friday 31st December 2004. Value of each share 10 eur, total number of shares: 48140. filed on: 18th, February 2005	capital	Free Download (4 pages)
88(2)R	Alloted 6 shares from Wednesday 1st December 2004 to Friday 31st December 2004. Value of each share 10 eur, total number of shares: 48140. filed on: 18th, February 2005	capital	Free Download (4 pages)
88(2)R	Alloted 9 shares from Monday 1st November 2004 to Tuesday 30th November 2004. Value of each share 10 eur, total number of shares: 48080. filed on: 5th, January 2005	capital	Free Download (3 pages)
88(2)R	Alloted 9 shares from Monday 1st November 2004 to Tuesday 30th November 2004. Value of each share 10 eur, total number of shares: 48080. filed on: 5th, January 2005	capital	Free Download (3 pages)
MEM/ARTS	Memorandum and Articles of Association filed on: 16th, December 2004	incorporation	Free Download (36 pages)
MEM/ARTS	Memorandum and Articles of Association filed on: 16th, December 2004	incorporation	Free Download (36 pages)
88(2)R	Alloted 9 shares from Sunday 1st August 2004 to Tuesday 31st August 2004. Value of each share 10 eur, total number of shares: 47990. filed on: 25th, October 2004	capital	Free Download (3 pages)
88(2)R	Alloted 9 shares from Sunday 1st August 2004 to Tuesday 31st August 2004. Value of each share 10 eur, total number of shares: 47990. filed on: 25th, October 2004	capital	Free Download (3 pages)
88(2)R	Alloted 4789 shares on Thursday 1st July 2004. Value of each share 10 eur, total number of shares: 47900. filed on: 6th, August 2004	capital	Free Download (3 pages)
88(2)R	Alloted 4789 shares on Thursday 1st July 2004. Value of each share 10 eur, total number of shares: 47900. filed on: 6th, August 2004	capital	Free Download (3 pages)
225	Accounting reference date extended from 31/05/05 to 30/09/05 filed on: 21st, July 2004	accounts	Free Download (1 page)
225	Accounting reference date extended from 31/05/05 to 30/09/05 filed on: 21st, July 2004	accounts	Free Download (1 page)
NEWINC	Company registration filed on: 27th, May 2004	incorporation	Free Download (16 pages)
NEWINC	Company registration filed on: 27th, May 2004	incorporation	Free Download (16 pages)